Sentence distributions

U.S. Sentencing Commission individual-offender file, fiscal year 2025. Federal courts only. Counts and medians, not a prediction and not a cause.

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How these figures are made

Prison months are the Commission's capped total prison sentence. In that column a non-life term longer than 470 months is top-coded at 469.99, so the last bin holds those long non-life terms; the cap is a cap, not a life sentence. A case counts toward the guilty-plea median only when the disposition is exactly Guilty Plea and toward the jury-trial median only when it is exactly Jury Trial. The file has 68 bench trials, 142 nolo contendere pleas, and 19 mixed plea-and-trial cases; none of those dispositions enter a median. A guilty-plea or jury-trial median is withheld below 5 cases in that disposition; counts stay visible. Where an offense has cases whose guideline-range position is not recorded in the file, they are left out of the stacked bars and stated under the chart.